{"id":4722,"date":"2014-07-02T22:47:59","date_gmt":"2014-07-02T21:47:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mdemierre.speleologie.ch\/?p=4722"},"modified":"2016-11-17T10:44:06","modified_gmt":"2016-11-17T09:44:06","slug":"topographie-speleo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722","title":{"rendered":"Topographie sp\u00e9l\u00e9o"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le relev\u00e9 topographique d\u2019une cavit\u00e9 est effectu\u00e9 en mesurant le cheminement de station en station par des vis\u00e9es successives. Dans la cavit\u00e9, les stations sont mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9es\u00a0par de discrets points rouges (vernis \u00e0 ongles). Chaque vis\u00e9e comprend la longueur, la pente et la direction (selon le champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre). En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral la section \u00e0 chaque station est aussi mesur\u00e9e avec \u00ab\u00a0gauche, droite, haut et bas). Les vis\u00e9es sont effectu\u00e9es soit avec du mat\u00e9riel classique (d\u00e9cam\u00e8tre, boussole et clinom\u00e8tre Suunto), soit avec des appareils \u00e9lectronique comme le DistoX comprenant un t\u00e9l\u00e9m\u00e8tre laser et des capteurs \u00e9lectronique.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">ngg_shortcode_0_placeholder<\/p>\n<p>La pr\u00e9cision d\u2019une bonne topographie, dans un environnement facile, est typiquement meilleure que 2%, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire pour 100 m\u00e8tres de cheminement, il y a jusqu\u2019\u00e0 2 m\u00e8tre d\u2019erreur sur la position au terminus. Les sources d\u2019impr\u00e9cisions sont\u00a0soit syst\u00e9matique, soit al\u00e9atoires. Une erreur syst\u00e9matique provient d\u2019une mauvaise calibration du mat\u00e9riel de mesure (ou d&rsquo;une mauvaise lecture sur les dispositifs optiques). Ceci provoque le plus souvent une rotation de la topo. Les erreurs al\u00e9atoires ont l\u2019avantage de se compenser en faisant un grand nombre de vis\u00e9es (somme d\u2019erreurs non corr\u00e9l\u00e9es). A noter que l&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;une boussole exclut le topographies dans des cavit\u00e9s articielles avec du b\u00e9ton arm\u00e9 ou des structures m\u00e9talliques, car le champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre est d\u00e9vi\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Les vis\u00e9es sont compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par un croquis de terrain, comprenant le dessin en plan et en coupe, avec la position de toutes les stations. Il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de le dessiner \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle sur du papier millim\u00e9tr\u00e9. Afin de pouvoir travailler en milieu humide, les notes sont prises avec un crayon gras sur du des feuilles en\u00a0syntosil. Certains utilise aujourd&rsquo;hui un \u00ab\u00a0carnet top \u00e9lectronique\u00a0\u00bb et un logiciel ad&rsquo;hoc (voir ci-dessous).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">ngg_shortcode_1_placeholder<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Vis\u00e9es et croquis de terrain.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>La mise au propre comprend deux \u00e9tapes\u00a0: le dessin du squelette et l\u2019habillage. Ces deux \u00e9tapes sont effectu\u00e9e par des logiciels. Le squelette est calcul\u00e9 \u00e0 partir des vis\u00e9es. Les bons logiciels permettent de compenser les erreurs lors des bouclages. l&rsquo;habillage consiste \u00e0 utiliser le croquis de terrain pour dessiner la cavit\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;habillage. Souvent, l\u2019habillage est effectu\u00e9 par un simple logiciel de dessin vectoriel (Adobe Illustrator ou Inskape). Les logiciels de topographie sp\u00e9l\u00e9o permettent en particulier des vues en 2D (plan, coupe et coupe d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e) ou en 3D.<\/p>\n<h2>[divider]Les principaux logiciels [\/divider]<\/h2>\n<h3>TOPOROBOT<\/h3>\n<p>Le premier logiciel de topo avec calcul des bouclages. Il n\u2019est plus mis \u00e0 jour depuis 2007.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.geo.unizh.ch\/~heller\/toporobot\/download.html\">http:\/\/www.geo.unizh.ch\/~heller\/toporobot\/download.html<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>GHTopo<\/h3>\n<p>La version moderne de toporobot. Support partiel du DistoX.\u00a0Export et import vers le format TOPOROBOT.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/ghtopo.blog4ever.com\/ghtopo\">http:\/\/ghtopo.blog4ever.com\/ghtopo<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Visual topo<\/h3>\n<p>Tr\u00e8s utilis\u00e9 en France et intuitif, avec GHCaveDraw pour l&rsquo;ajustement de la topo au cheminements, notions de scrap, \u00e9diteur graphique, g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019atlas,  reports sur carte. Une photo peut \u00eatre associ\u00e9e \u00e0 chaque station\u00a0de la cavit\u00e9. c&rsquo;est le &lsquo;LibreOffice&rsquo; du concept TOPOROBOT.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/vtopo.free.fr\/vtopo_fra.doc\">http:\/\/vtopo.free.fr\/vtopo_fra.doc<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Topo Calc\u2019R<\/h3>\n<p>Logiciel de calcul et de dessin de topographies avec habillage. Plus besoin de logiciel de dessin\u00a0\u00bb ! L\u2019habillage se corrige m\u00eame lors des bouclages. Importation depuis\u00a0Visual Topo, Toporobot,\u00a0Pocket Topo et Auriga. Impressionnant !<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/topocalcaire.free.fr\/\">http:\/\/topocalcaire.free.fr\/<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>CaveRenderPro<\/h3>\n<p>Logiciel allemand peu connu chez les francophones.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.caverender.de\/CaveRenderPro\/CaveRenderPro.htm\">http:\/\/www.caverender.de\/CaveRenderPro\/CaveRenderPro.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Therion<\/h3>\n<p>Logiciel topo tr\u00e8s complet, mais qui est complexe \u00e0 utiliser et sans interface conviviale (fait par exemple le morphing de l\u2019habillage lors des bouclages, \u2026) :<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/therion.speleo.sk\/downloads\/tharticle-vercors-2008.pdf\">http:\/\/therion.speleo.sk\/downloads\/tharticle-vercors-2008.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Compass<\/h3>\n<p>Logiciel tr\u00e8s complet.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fountainware.com\/compass\/\">http:\/\/www.fountainware.com\/compass\/<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>DPTopo<\/h3>\n<p>logiciel simple avec bouclage<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.speleologie.free.fr\/DPTopo\/dptopo.htm\">http:\/\/www.speleologie.free.fr\/DPTopo\/dptopo.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Walls<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.texasspeleologicalsurvey.org\/software\/walls\/tsswalls.php\">http:\/\/www.texasspeleologicalsurvey.org\/software\/walls\/tsswalls.php<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Survex<\/h3>\n<p>Logiciel, dont la librairie open source est utilis\u00e9e par d\u2019autres logiciels<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/survex.com\">http:\/\/survex.com<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>WinKarst<\/h3>\n<p>Logiciel US. Morphing des croquis sur le squelette.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.resurgentsoftware.com\/WinKarst.html\">http:\/\/www.resurgentsoftware.com\/WinKarst.html<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>CyberTopo 2<\/h3>\n<p>plus de mise \u00e0 jour\u00a0depuis 2005 ?<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/eric.sibert.fr\/article19.html\">http:\/\/eric.sibert.fr\/article19.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>[divider]\u00a0\u00bbCarnet topo\u00a0\u00bb \u00e9lectronique [\/divider]<\/h2>\n<h3>Auriga<\/h3>\n<p>Pour PDA sous Palm OS. Compatible DistoX.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.speleo.qc.ca\/Auriga\/\">http:\/\/www.speleo.qc.ca\/Auriga\/<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Pocket Topo<\/h3>\n<p>PDA sous windows mobile. Compatible DistoX.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/paperless.bheeb.ch\/PocketTopo13.html\">http:\/\/paperless.bheeb.ch\/PocketTopo13.html<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>TopoDro\u00efd<\/h3>\n<p>Android app. Compatible DistoX.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/speleoapps\/home\/topodroid\">https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/speleoapps\/home\/topodroid<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>[divider]Exemple de topographie [\/divider]<\/h2>\nngg_shortcode_2_placeholder\n<p>12.6.2012 \/ MAJ 17.11.2016<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le relev\u00e9 topographique d\u2019une cavit\u00e9 est effectu\u00e9 en mesurant le cheminement de station en station par des vis\u00e9es successives. Dans [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4723,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,2],"tags":[58,19],"class_list":["post-4722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-speleologie-technique","category-technique","tag-speleo","tag-speleologie-2"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le relev\u00e9 topographique d\u2019une cavit\u00e9 est effectu\u00e9 en mesurant le cheminement de station en station par des vis\u00e9es successives. Dans la cavit\u00e9, les stations sont mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9es par de discrets points rouges (vernis \u00e0 ongles). Chaque vis\u00e9e comprend la longueur, la pente et la direction (selon le champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre). En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral la section \u00e0 chaque station\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"michel.demierre@speleologie.ch\"\/>\n\t<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"sp\u00e9l\u00e9o,sp\u00e9l\u00e9ologie,divers,technique\" \/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.8\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Michel Demierre - sp\u00e9l\u00e9ologue\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"blog\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Topographie sp\u00e9l\u00e9o | Michel, guide sp\u00e9l\u00e9o SOA\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le relev\u00e9 topographique d\u2019une cavit\u00e9 est effectu\u00e9 en mesurant le cheminement de station en station par des vis\u00e9es successives. Dans la cavit\u00e9, les stations sont mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9es par de discrets points rouges (vernis \u00e0 ongles). Chaque vis\u00e9e comprend la longueur, la pente et la direction (selon le champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre). En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral la section \u00e0 chaque station\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"fb:admins\" content=\"100007356392433\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/wp-content\/uploads\/topo_reseau_du_folliu.gif\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/wp-content\/uploads\/topo_reseau_du_folliu.gif\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"4963\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"3508\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Topographie sp\u00e9l\u00e9o | Michel, guide sp\u00e9l\u00e9o SOA\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Le relev\u00e9 topographique d\u2019une cavit\u00e9 est effectu\u00e9 en mesurant le cheminement de station en station par des vis\u00e9es successives. Dans la cavit\u00e9, les stations sont mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9es par de discrets points rouges (vernis \u00e0 ongles). Chaque vis\u00e9e comprend la longueur, la pente et la direction (selon le champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre). En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral la section \u00e0 chaque station\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/wp-content\/uploads\/topo_reseau_du_folliu.gif\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?p=4722#article\",\"name\":\"Topographie sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9o | Michel, guide sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9o SOA\",\"headline\":\"Topographie sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9o\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?author=1#author\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/topo_reseau_du_folliu.gif\",\"width\":4963,\"height\":3508},\"datePublished\":\"2014-07-02T22:47:59+01:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-11-17T10:44:06+01:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"commentCount\":1,\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?p=4722#webpage\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?p=4722#webpage\"},\"articleSection\":\"Divers, Technique, sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9o, sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9ologie\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?p=4722#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?cat=2#listItem\",\"name\":\"Technique\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?cat=2#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Technique\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?cat=2\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?cat=53#listItem\",\"name\":\"Divers\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre#listItem\",\"name\":\"Accueil\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?cat=53#listItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Divers\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?cat=53\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?p=4722#listItem\",\"name\":\"Topographie sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9o\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?cat=2#listItem\",\"name\":\"Technique\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?p=4722#listItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Topographie sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9o\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?cat=53#listItem\",\"name\":\"Divers\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Michel Demierre\",\"description\":\"L'expertise en cavit\\u00e9s naturelles et artifielles\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2013\\\/05\\\/cropped-cropped-mdemierre_aqua.jpg\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?p=4722\\\/#organizationLogo\",\"width\":512,\"height\":341,\"caption\":\"Photo : Pierre Beerli\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?p=4722\\\/#organizationLogo\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?author=1#author\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?author=1\",\"name\":\"michel.demierre@speleologie.ch\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?p=4722#authorImage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/3cc88e6fd00ceff2c737e1d1dc8a8ba71714c5bd7b9f81c84f07eaaeb1a94441?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"width\":96,\"height\":96,\"caption\":\"michel.demierre@speleologie.ch\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?p=4722#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?p=4722\",\"name\":\"Topographie sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9o | Michel, guide sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9o SOA\",\"description\":\"Le relev\\u00e9 topographique d\\u2019une cavit\\u00e9 est effectu\\u00e9 en mesurant le cheminement de station en station par des vis\\u00e9es successives. Dans la cavit\\u00e9, les stations sont mat\\u00e9rialis\\u00e9es par de discrets points rouges (vernis \\u00e0 ongles). Chaque vis\\u00e9e comprend la longueur, la pente et la direction (selon le champ magn\\u00e9tique terrestre). En g\\u00e9n\\u00e9ral la section \\u00e0 chaque station\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?p=4722#breadcrumblist\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?author=1#author\"},\"creator\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?author=1#author\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/topo_reseau_du_folliu.gif\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?p=4722\\\/#mainImage\",\"width\":4963,\"height\":3508},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/?p=4722#mainImage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2014-07-02T22:47:59+01:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-11-17T10:44:06+01:00\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/\",\"name\":\"Michel, guide sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9o SOA\",\"description\":\"L'expertise en cavit\\u00e9s naturelles et artifielles\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.techt.ch\\\/mdemierre\\\/#organization\"}}]}\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"Topographie sp\u00e9l\u00e9o | Michel, guide sp\u00e9l\u00e9o SOA","description":"Le relev\u00e9 topographique d\u2019une cavit\u00e9 est effectu\u00e9 en mesurant le cheminement de station en station par des vis\u00e9es successives. Dans la cavit\u00e9, les stations sont mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9es par de discrets points rouges (vernis \u00e0 ongles). Chaque vis\u00e9e comprend la longueur, la pente et la direction (selon le champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre). En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral la section \u00e0 chaque station","canonical_url":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"sp\u00e9l\u00e9o,sp\u00e9l\u00e9ologie,divers,technique","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722#article","name":"Topographie sp\u00e9l\u00e9o | Michel, guide sp\u00e9l\u00e9o SOA","headline":"Topographie sp\u00e9l\u00e9o","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?author=1#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/wp-content\/uploads\/topo_reseau_du_folliu.gif","width":4963,"height":3508},"datePublished":"2014-07-02T22:47:59+01:00","dateModified":"2016-11-17T10:44:06+01:00","inLanguage":"fr-FR","commentCount":1,"mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722#webpage"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722#webpage"},"articleSection":"Divers, Technique, sp\u00e9l\u00e9o, sp\u00e9l\u00e9ologie"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre#listItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?cat=2#listItem","name":"Technique"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?cat=2#listItem","position":2,"name":"Technique","item":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?cat=2","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?cat=53#listItem","name":"Divers"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre#listItem","name":"Accueil"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?cat=53#listItem","position":3,"name":"Divers","item":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?cat=53","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722#listItem","name":"Topographie sp\u00e9l\u00e9o"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?cat=2#listItem","name":"Technique"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722#listItem","position":4,"name":"Topographie sp\u00e9l\u00e9o","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?cat=53#listItem","name":"Divers"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/#organization","name":"Michel Demierre","description":"L'expertise en cavit\u00e9s naturelles et artifielles","url":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/cropped-cropped-mdemierre_aqua.jpg","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722\/#organizationLogo","width":512,"height":341,"caption":"Photo : Pierre Beerli"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722\/#organizationLogo"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?author=1#author","url":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?author=1","name":"michel.demierre@speleologie.ch","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722#authorImage","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3cc88e6fd00ceff2c737e1d1dc8a8ba71714c5bd7b9f81c84f07eaaeb1a94441?s=96&d=mm&r=g","width":96,"height":96,"caption":"michel.demierre@speleologie.ch"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722#webpage","url":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722","name":"Topographie sp\u00e9l\u00e9o | Michel, guide sp\u00e9l\u00e9o SOA","description":"Le relev\u00e9 topographique d\u2019une cavit\u00e9 est effectu\u00e9 en mesurant le cheminement de station en station par des vis\u00e9es successives. Dans la cavit\u00e9, les stations sont mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9es par de discrets points rouges (vernis \u00e0 ongles). Chaque vis\u00e9e comprend la longueur, la pente et la direction (selon le champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre). En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral la section \u00e0 chaque station","inLanguage":"fr-FR","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722#breadcrumblist"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?author=1#author"},"creator":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?author=1#author"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/wp-content\/uploads\/topo_reseau_du_folliu.gif","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722\/#mainImage","width":4963,"height":3508},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722#mainImage"},"datePublished":"2014-07-02T22:47:59+01:00","dateModified":"2016-11-17T10:44:06+01:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/","name":"Michel, guide sp\u00e9l\u00e9o SOA","description":"L'expertise en cavit\u00e9s naturelles et artifielles","inLanguage":"fr-FR","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/#organization"}}]},"og:locale":"fr_FR","og:site_name":"Michel Demierre - sp\u00e9l\u00e9ologue","og:type":"blog","og:title":"Topographie sp\u00e9l\u00e9o | Michel, guide sp\u00e9l\u00e9o SOA","og:description":"Le relev\u00e9 topographique d\u2019une cavit\u00e9 est effectu\u00e9 en mesurant le cheminement de station en station par des vis\u00e9es successives. Dans la cavit\u00e9, les stations sont mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9es par de discrets points rouges (vernis \u00e0 ongles). Chaque vis\u00e9e comprend la longueur, la pente et la direction (selon le champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre). En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral la section \u00e0 chaque station","og:url":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722","fb:admins":"100007356392433","og:image":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/wp-content\/uploads\/topo_reseau_du_folliu.gif","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/wp-content\/uploads\/topo_reseau_du_folliu.gif","og:image:width":4963,"og:image:height":3508,"twitter:card":"summary","twitter:title":"Topographie sp\u00e9l\u00e9o | Michel, guide sp\u00e9l\u00e9o SOA","twitter:description":"Le relev\u00e9 topographique d\u2019une cavit\u00e9 est effectu\u00e9 en mesurant le cheminement de station en station par des vis\u00e9es successives. Dans la cavit\u00e9, les stations sont mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9es par de discrets points rouges (vernis \u00e0 ongles). Chaque vis\u00e9e comprend la longueur, la pente et la direction (selon le champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre). En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral la section \u00e0 chaque station","twitter:image":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/wp-content\/uploads\/topo_reseau_du_folliu.gif"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"4722","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":"","og_description":"","og_object_type":"blog","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":"","og_article_tags":"","twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"summary","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"Article","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"ai":null,"created":"2026-04-14 21:11:42","updated":"2026-05-14 13:23:58","seo_analyzer_scan_date":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\" title=\"Accueil\">Accueil<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?cat=2\" title=\"Technique\">Technique<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?cat=53\" title=\"Divers\">Divers<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\tTopographie sp\u00e9l\u00e9o\n\t\t<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Accueil","link":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre"},{"label":"Technique","link":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?cat=2"},{"label":"Divers","link":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?cat=53"},{"label":"Topographie sp\u00e9l\u00e9o","link":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/?p=4722"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4722","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4722"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4722\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5095,"href":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4722\/revisions\/5095"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4722"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4722"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.techt.ch\/mdemierre\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}